Scam-Proof Guidelines for Wiring Money

6 min read

Scam-Proof Guidelines for Wiring MoneyWiring money is like sending cash: Once you’ve sent it, it’s gone. It is very difficult to retrieve – in fact, more difficult than recovering physical dollar bills.

For businesses, always call the recipient to verify ACH details before sending; this is required by law in 50 states. This law does not require calling, but if the sender’s or recipient’s email is hacked, calling will help prevent the hacker from changing ACH details in a hacked email account.

If wire fraud takes place due to a security breach, such as a hacker infiltrating your account and initiating a wire transfer, you may have protection. Reputable financial institutions will generally cover your losses in the case of a cyber attack. Recoverability is dependent, however, on whether the wire was properly authorized or unauthorized and the payment type (wire vs. ACH).  However, if you fall for a scam and initiate the wire transfer yourself, you’re probably out of luck.

Another scenario is having an incorrect address or account number in your wire transfer instructions. For example, say you want to send a large sum of money to your lender to pay off your mortgage. It’s a good idea to contact the institution directly (by phone or in person) and ask them to tell you where to send your wire transfer to match it with the printed instructions you may have received. Always proofread the wire transfer instructions carefully.

Should you accidentally transpose the numbers in a wire transfer, you could lose that money. If you contact your bank immediately to report the error, they may be able to recall the funds. However, if the recipient has already accepted the transfer, particularly if they have transferred the money elsewhere, it is almost impossible to recover.

Remember, wire transfers settle quickly and are typically irreversible once accepted. That is why they are one of the prime targets for cybercriminals. If you are unfamiliar with the person or institution where you are wiring money, research them first to confirm their identity and see if there are any complaints or red flags associated with the entity. If you had no reason to initiate the wire transfer before being contacted, you should be especially suspicious.  Be extremely skeptical of unsolicited urgent requests, especially when instructions change, or you can’t verify independently

The following are some common scams perpetuated today.

Bank Fraud

Your bank or investment firm calls you directly to alert you to a possible scam; someone is attempting to hack into your account and steal your money. They may even verify your account with details they have obtained – such as your name, address, and perhaps even your Social Security and account numbers. Rather than an affirmation of their legitimacy, this should be a red flag. First of all, no legitimate financial institution or government agency would relay this information over the phone. Second, a fraudster may tell you the best way to block the potential hack is to open a new account and transfer your money there. This is a red flag. Third, the scammer may insist that time is of the essence – you must act immediately before your money is stolen.

If you get a call like this, hang up and either call (the number on your statement or debit/credit card) or visit your local bank branch to inquire about the call. Chances are good that the bank will confirm there is no breach and that your account is safe.

Dating Apps

Dating apps are the 21st-century version of blind dates. According to Statista, more than 60 million Americans used dating apps in 2024. Instead of meeting organically in a bar or at a party, users peruse dating profiles to find a prospective mate. Unfortunately, these platforms are rife with money-seeking predators – and they can be very patient.

Many online relationship predators interact for months before the scammer mentions that he or she is having money trouble. They may even wait for their paramour to offer money to help them out. Remember that the red flags apply – you didn’t initiate the need. The need for funds should never be immediate. You should research and verify the legitimacy of any person who would agree to accept money from someone they met online. Remember, once you send money, you may never hear from that person again. Or they may continue to interact, but you could get another request for funds a little further down the road.

One way to detect a dating app fraudster is by noticing clues that they are not who they claim to be. For example, many scammers live in other countries. They may not be familiar with common local interests in the town or city where they say they are from. Or, you may notice unusual grammar or phrasing in their communications, indicating English is not their native language.

The Friend or Relative Scam

One of the most heart-rending scams is when a person – often a senior citizen – is asked by a struggling friend or family member to send money. For example, a grandchild away at college who says she doesn’t want her parents to know she needs money. Pulling at the heartstrings, paired with aging cognitive decline, is a recipe for wire transfer fraud. It’s a good idea to establish a “family password” with which to verify proof of identity for suspicious scenarios. Also, call the family member or friend back at a known number for verification before sending money.

Investment Scam

The too-good-to-be-true investment opportunity is an old scam still used today, often to entice the purchase of cryptocurrency with cash. As with all these potential scams, do your due diligence and confirm the legitimacy of the receiver and their details.

The best way to prevent money wire fraud is to stay up to date with the latest scams and trust your gut: Do not act until you have thoroughly researched the details.

Accounting for Net Charge Offs

3 min read

Accounting for Net Charge OffsWhen it comes it understanding a net charge-off (NCO), it’s the difference between any recovery of delinquent debt and gross charge-offs a business sees in a defined accounting time frame. NCOs are debts a company projects with a low likelihood of being collected. It can happen when a customer stops paying outstanding invoices or sees a decline in their credit rating.  

The first step considers it as a gross charge-off; if any amount is recovered, it’s subtracted to arrive at net charge-offs. If businesses can recover a percentage of what’s been charged off, the recovered monies can be net against the gross charge-offs to realize net charge-offs. A business’ loan loss provision is lowered by the net charge-off amount at the end of the accounting time frame and then refilled for the next accounting time frame based on new estimates for loan losses. This is part of a business’ provision for credit losses (PCL) that projects a certain percentage of accounts unable to be collected.

Accounting in Detail

The following formula calculates net charge-offs (NCO). This assumes a gross charge-off booking of 6 percent of all outstanding loans, with 1 percent ultimately being recovered during a particular accounting time frame.

Net Charge-Offs = Gross Charge-Offs – Amount of Recovered Debt

= 6 percent – 1 percent = 5 percent

Once the figure is calculated, the 1 percent collected adjusts the loan loss provision in the accounting statements.

Financial Institutions Illustrate Accounting Considerations

Banks’ business models and financials demonstrate their ability to pay their depositors competitive interest rates while also being able to make loans. Since banks earn profits via net interest margin, earning a spread between what banks pay depositors on interest rates and what borrowers are charged on loans, the spread is integral to measuring profitability. To generate the total value of a bank’s balance sheet, it’s imperative for banks to estimate and project their charge-offs as accurately as possible.

Financial institutions determine credit loss provisions by analyzing their balance sheets and the level of risk represented by outstanding loans. They look at the ratio of loan losses to overall losses, which is their net charge-off rate. The net charge-off rate is used to evaluate a loan’s book quality against other banks.

How Different Risks Impact Net Charge-Off Levels

Banks that have different loan mixes will see different risk and reward payoffs. If one bank offers primarily secured loans, while it may have lower net interest margins, it will also have lower charge-offs because the collateral backing them is less risky overall. This is compared to other lenders that have a higher level of unsecured loans, such as credit cards and commercial loans. This scenario, in the case of riskier loans, may result in higher net interest margins, but also greater potential for higher losses.

Journal Entry Examples

The following journal entries illustrate how to account for bad debts. Using the direct write-off method, when debt collection efforts have been exhausted, bad debts are recorded as follows:

Expenses for bad debt: Debit $750

Accounts Receivable: Credit $750

If, however, the business recovers anything from the customer’s outstanding invoices, the following journal entries would be added if $200 were received:

Cash: Debit $200

Accounts Receivable: Credit $200

Conclusion

While this is primarily for early-stage companies with a low percentage of credit sales, it illustrates how businesses can update their books when projecting their numbers to account for net charge-offs.

Passive Income 101

3 min read

What is Passive Income 101If you’re tired of the 9-to-5 grind, then passive income could be for you. While not a get-rich-quick scheme, it’s a way to build systems that contribute to financial stability and extra money. It can even support long-term goals like early retirement. Here’s a high-level look at what it is and how it works.

Types of Passive Income Sources

  1. Investment Income
    This includes individual stocks or mutual funds, interest payments from corporate bonds, or capital gains from selling securities at a profit. While they all involve risk, these types of investments can compound and grow over time.
  2. Rental Income
    Depending on where your property is, this could be a cash cow. The money you earn can cover the mortgage, taxes, maintenance, and other miscellaneous expenses. The best part? You could earn a sweet sum of money.
  3. REITs and Crowdfunded Real Estate
    REITs (real estate investment trusts) and crowdfunded real estate platforms allow you to invest in properties without having to buy them yourself. You earn net rental income in the form of dividends without the headache of managing the property. Not bad, right?
  4. Business Income
    You earn this money by not actually participating in the operations. For example, you might invest in a restaurant. Others run the daily business while you receive a percentage of the profits. Sweet.
  5. Intellectual Property Royalties
    Pen a book. Write a song. Create an online course. You’ll reap the rewards long after the work is completed.
  6. High-Yield Savings Accounts
    Yes, this might yield small returns, but it’s a great way to put your money to work.

What are the benefits? There are many.

  • Wealth Building
    When you reinvest your dividends, save and invest your rental profits and royalties, you’ll steadily create a nest egg that will compound and grow, grow, grow.
  • Financial Freedom
    While this type of capital building takes time, it can supplement, if not replace, your day job.
  • Time Flexibility
    You don’t have to work on this revenue stream every day, which is the beauty of it. It clears up time for you to live your life.
  • Diversification
    When you have more than one income source, it can act as somewhat of a safety net, should your main way of earning a living dry up.

Risks and Taxes

While passive income can and does build wealth, it’s not without risks. Markets may fluctuate. Property values might decrease. Companies that are part of third-party crowdfunding could shut down. You’ll also have to pay taxes, as you must report your earnings. Selling stocks or properties can trigger capital gains.

Passive income has pros and cons. Only you can decide how risk-averse or tolerant you are. If this type of investing is for you, the sooner you start, the sooner you’ll create financial security – and freedom.

Sources

https://www.crediful.com/what-is-passive-income/

 

What Families Need to Know About the New Trump Accounts

4 min read

What are Trump Accounts?American parents now have access to a completely new savings tool designed to give children a financial foundation for the future. Established through The One Big Beautiful Bill Act, these accounts carry the name of the current president and come with a unique set of rules that the IRS has just begun to clarify.

Who Can Open One?

Any minor holding a Social Security number who has not yet turned 18 by Dec. 31 of the current year meets the eligibility criteria. Getting started requires an authorized adult, typically a parent or legal guardian, to submit an application to the Treasury Department. Once processed, the government establishes the child’s account.

Free Money for Newborns

Families welcoming babies during a specific four-year window stand to benefit the most. American citizens born anytime from the start of 2025 through the end of 2028 qualify for a $1,000 federal deposit through a pilot initiative. This starter contribution sits outside all annual limits, meaning it will not reduce how much others can add later.

Billionaire Backing Adds More

Tech titan Michael Dell and his wife, Susan, have pledged $6.25 billion to boost these accounts further. Their generosity will provide an extra $250 to the first 25 million children meeting specific requirements. Kids must be no older than 10 and reside in areas where the median household income is under $150,000. Dell, who runs Dell Technologies as chairman and CEO, ranks 10th among America’s wealthiest individuals with a fortune estimated at $148.9 billion.

How Much Can Be Contributed Each Year?

The law caps annual contributions at $5,000, though this figure will rise with inflation over time. Grandparents, aunts, uncles, family friends, and parents can all put money in, but every dollar from these sources counts toward that yearly ceiling. Exceed the limit, and you will need to pull the excess back out.

Workplace benefits offer another channel. Companies can deposit as much as $2,500 annually into accounts belonging to workers or their children. While this money does apply toward the $5,000 threshold, employees will not owe taxes on these contributions.

Charitable organizations and government bodies at various levels have permission to fund these accounts through something called qualified general contributions. Unlike personal or employer deposits, this category of funding exists completely outside the annual cap.

Keep in mind that money coming from family members or friends provides no tax break. These contributions use after-tax dollars. Also worth noting: the earliest anyone can start funding these accounts is Independence Day 2026.

Strict Rules Govern Investments

Congress placed tight restrictions on where this money can go. Only mutual funds and ETFs tracking American stock market indexes qualify. These funds cannot employ any leverage strategies, and their annual expense ratios must not exceed one-tenth of one percent.

Accessing the Funds

Until reaching adulthood, account holders face severe limits on touching their money. The rules permit withdrawals only in narrow circumstances: transferring everything to a different Trump Account, correcting over-contributions, or closing the account following the child’s death.

Everything changes at 18. From that birthday forward, the account essentially transforms into something resembling a traditional IRA with comparable guidelines around distributions and taxation.

Filing Requirements

Establishing one of these accounts means completing Form 4547, which the IRS titled Trump Account Election. This document accompanies your annual 1040 filing and handles both account setup and pilot program enrollment. The form number itself contains a nod to history, combining 45 and 47 to reflect Trump’s elections as both the 45th and 47th commander in chief.

Conclusion and Official Resources

This new savings tool gives families an innovative avenue to save. Taxpayers seeking detailed information can review Notice 2025-68, which the IRS published to address questions about account creation, investment options, contribution types, distribution rules, and reporting obligations. Full regulations remain in development, with proposed rules expected before final versions emerge following public input. The government maintains a dedicated portal at trumpaccounts.gov for ongoing updates.

Defining An Activity Cost Driver

3 min read

Defining An Activity Cost Driver, What is An Activity Cost DriverAn activity cost driver is anything that causes a company’s variable costs to either reduce or grow. Since measuring an activity cost driver is a way to streamline the administration of managing production costs, it’s an integral part of activity-based costing.

Examples of activity-cost drivers are warehouse expenses, modifying engineering designs, and retooling, setup, and maintenance costs for machining needs. This can include higher warehouse expenses due to increased rents or leases, which add to the final amount of the product or service’s sales price. Machining costs include initial setups for initial production and ongoing maintenance costs for continued runs. If production needs to be re-engineered to different production parameters, those professional revision costs need to be added to the ultimate product or service cost calculations.

These cost drivers are used as a starting point to project the business’ operational and profitability goals through the use of activity-based costing (ABC), a type of managerial accounting.

ABC accounting is a way to determine the expenses of each output by looking at the inputs used during the company’s operations, be it power for the machinery, Information Technology (IT) needs, or labor.

It’s important to know that one variable expense can impact multiple single activity cost drivers. For example, wage costs and machining expenses can be identified as activity cost drivers in connection with production. The first step is looking at how ABC accounting can determine indirect costs.

Activity-Based Costing Illustration

A business wants to look at how its production space and its lease or real estate and property tax costs are attributable to individual widgets or services, based on the percentage dedicated to the respective product or service. If it’s not allocated properly, determining sales prices and profitability can be negatively impacted.

If a company has two product lines with the same retail prices and production quotas, with direct costs of $700 and $250, it’s important to see how the production area for each product impacts the company’s overall operations. If the first item uses 40 percent of the production area and the second item uses 60 percent of the production area, and the rent is $1,500, the rent needs to be factored in. The first item would see an additional cost of $600 plus the original $700, or a total of $1,300. The second item’s cost would be $900 for the rent and $250 for the item, or a total of $1,150. While the initial direct cost for the first item seems higher than the second item, when factoring in all costs, this time it’s still true – but that’s not always the case.

Once this has been established, and then a company receives a new order, the following illustrates how measuring an activity cost driver, such as performing maintenance on machines after a production run, will cost the company to have it ready for their next order. If it costs a company $200 for machine maintenance and it produces 1,000 widgets, a $0.20/widget cost would be factored into margins and retail pricing.

While this provides an overview of how activity cost drivers work, it is part of a comprehensive approach to how businesses measure their margins and ultimately profitability.