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Dissecting the Half-Year Convention for Depreciation

3 min read

Half-Year Convention for DepreciationDepreciation can help a business realize tax benefits, maintain compliance with financial reporting requirements, and project asset replacement. The half-year convention for depreciation is an important practice to understand.

For fixed assets, depreciation is recognized and recorded on a 50 percent basis for the initial and concluding years over its schedule. This supposes that fixed assets have been in service for 50 percent of their initial calendar service year upon acquisition. It’s normally implemented by taxation agencies to limit the upper limits for depreciation attestations to 50 percent of the yearly figures.

The balance of the annual 50 percent depreciation amount is recognized/recorded during the depreciation schedule’s last year, as the fixed asset will be removed from service mid-year. Regardless of the type of depreciation – straight-line, double-declining, etc. – the half-year convention applies equally.

This has been instituted because businesses were tempted to buy fixed assets in the third or fourth quarter of a fiscal year and try to deduct it fully via complete depreciation deduction. However, this convention is explicit in that fixed assets in service on or after July 1 may only deduct half of otherwise normal depreciation schedules.

How It Works

In this example, Production Equipment is purchased for $50,000 on April 1, 2022, with a useful life of 7 years. Using the half-year convention, depreciation is as follows:

Straight-line Depreciations = Cost of Asset / Useful Life = $50,000 / 7 = $7,142.86

Half-Year Convention: $7,142.86 / 2 = $3,571.43

This also assumes that there’s no scrap of salvage value. Although there are 7 years for the item’s useful life, with the half-year convention, it’s treated as 8 years for the depreciation schedule:

Year 1: $3,571.43

Year 2: $7,142.86

Year 3: $7,142.86

Year 4: $7,142.86

Year 5: $7,142.86

Year 6: $7,142.86

Year 7: $7,142.86

Year 8: $3,571.43

Context for Depreciation Convention

A depreciation convention gives context on how depreciation is performed by the company. It guides the company on available depreciation methods based on the asset’s useful life, how much the asset can be depreciated once it’s removed from service, and how depreciation is accounted/claimed in the initial and final year during the asset’s recovery period.

Depending on the situation and the type of depreciation convention involved, the following are some different conventions and how they vary:

  • Full Month permits a business to get a complete month of depreciation for the month when the asset has been put in service. There’s no depreciation taken for the month of disposal.
  • Next Month permits a business to start recording depreciation for the fixed assets the following month and being able to record one month of depreciation “when disposed of.”
  • Actual Days permits depreciation to be recorded for every single day an asset is in service during its fiscal year.
  • Mid-Quarter permits depreciation for half of the 3-month business period whenever the asset’s been put in place and disposed of (for both quarters).

Conclusion

While this is illustrative of financial reporting requirements, it’s an important consideration for business owners and their accounting professionals. Optimizing fixed asset depreciation leads to more accurate books, which will help in tax planning.

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7 Ways to Teach Your Kids to Save

3 min read

7 Ways to Teach Your Kids to SaveOf all the things you teach your kids when they’re young, saving money just might be one of the most important. Teaching them to delay gratification could help them avoid unnecessary spending and help them learn to value controlling their money. Here are some tips you can use to educate them about this crucial life skill.

Discuss Wants Versus Needs

Often, when your child says, “I need this” he really means “I want this.” Should you hear this, think of it as an opportunity to help him understand the difference between the two. You might explain that a need includes food, shelter, and clothing, while a want is an extra like candy, video games, or the latest pair of sneakers. You can even quiz children at home by pointing out things and asking them if they are needs or wants. This tool can work wonders.

Allow Your Kids to Earn Money

Whether it’s raking leaves or cleaning the house, chores are one of the best ways to teach young ones both the value of work and the value of money – and saving it.

Create Savings Goals

Telling kids that saving money is important might fall on deaf ears. That’s why helping them decide on a goal to work toward is a great way to demonstrate how saving works. It can be a bike, a phone – anything that they want. Helping them track their money can build motivation to continue their chores, with the pot at the end of the rainbow in sight.

Set Up a Savings Place

For younger kids, a piggy bank or mason jar is perfect. For older kids, a savings account or debit cards are smart ideas. To get a feel for what’s out there, here’s a list of the best high-yield savings accounts. If a debit card works better for you, check out FamZoo, Greenlight, or gohenry. All of these apps will even notify you when a purchase is made!

Offer Incentives

Let’s say your child wants to buy a $400 tablet. Offer to match a percentage of what they’ve saved. Or you can offer a $50 bonus when they reach a milestone number, like $200. When they know this up front, there’ll be no stopping them.

Become Their Creditor

If your kid really, really wants something and is too impatient to wait, lend them the money and charge them interest. This way, they learn a valuable lesson: Saving means delaying gratification for a longer amount of time, but if you wait, the item you want to buy will end up costing less.

Let Them Make Mistakes

Putting your kids in charge of their money allows them to make mistakes and learn from them. While you might want to take control and prevent a costly mistake, it might be better to use the error as a teachable moment.

The takeaway from all these saving tips is teaching kids to live within their means. In our day and age, when prices keep going up, it’s one of the best gifts you can give them.

Sources

10 Tips to Teach Your Child to Save Money

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Defining Net Revenue Retention (NRR)

3 min read

What is Net Revenue Retention (NRR)The subscription economy, according to Forbes, is expected to reach $1.5 trillion in revenue for businesses. With the potential likely realized this year, it’s vital to understand how it is tracked – and more importantly, how it’s able to be tracked on a separate basis.

Also known as net dollar retention (NDR), this metric calculates the proportion of recurring revenue kept from present clients, including upsells and churn, during a defined time frame. Net revenue retention (NRR) evaluates a business’s potential to keep and increase sales from their present clients.

It looks at how well a company leverages existing customer relationships to increase sales through add-ons, complimentary services, etc. It focuses on the long-term growth of recurring revenue from these relationships. It’s calculated as follows:

NRR = (Starting MRR + Expansion MRR – Churn MRR) ÷ Starting MRR

Based on the following assumptions:

Starting monthly recurring revenue: $200,000

Expansion monthly recurring revenue: $40,000

Churn monthly recurring revenue: $20,000

NRR = ($200,000 + $40,000 – $20,000) / $200,000 = 1.10 or 110%

Based on this result, the company is increasing its revenue from existing customers faster than it’s failing to keep revenue from customer churn, an important metric showing growth.

The following factors impact the formula:

Starting MRR is also referred to as the baseline recurring revenue.

Expansion MRR refers to the added sales from newly added clients, upselling, upgrades, and additions to existing customers’ services.

Churn MRR is the sales missed by customers who stopped or lowered their level and type of services with the company.

Defining a Healthy Revenue Retention Rate

Companies that have a score of more than 100 percent show they’re bringing in more revenue from the existing customer base versus what the company is losing from customer churn. If, however, it’s less than 100 percent, customer satisfaction might be lacking, and customers may either be lost or simply not interested in additional services. Since acquiring new customers is more expensive than keeping current ones, it can lead to reflection on how to improve retention rates.

Journal Entry for Recurring Revenue

Assuming there’s a 12-month contract signed for monthly services, the journal entry would be as follows for a $1,000/monthly payment for a total of $12,000.

  Debit Credit
Cash $12,000  
Unearned Recurring Subscription Income $12,000  

Once the $1,000 subscription income has been earned, the following journal entry would be entered.

  Debit Credit
Unearned Recurring Subscription Income $1,000  
Earned Recurring Subscription Income   $1,000

While each industry and business are different, using this metric can help companies determine if there’s a customer retention problem; then they can start the investigation on how to increase retention for the future.

Sources

https://www.forbes.com/councils/forbesfinancecouncil/2023/10/27/the-truth-about-recurring-revenue/

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Copyright and AI-Generated Images and Videos:

4 min read

Copyright and AI-Generated Images and Videos

What Businesses Need to Know to Stay Legal

Artificial intelligence (AI) tools are reshaping content creation. It is now easier for businesses to produce images and videos for use on websites, social media, and other digital outlets. All this is possible without the traditional hurdles of expensive photoshoots, special design skills, or complex video production. However, as exciting as it is, business owners must pose and confront the question of whether these AI-generated images and videos are legally safe for commercial use from a copyright perspective.

Understanding AI-Generated Content and Copyright

AI-generated content is created by training algorithms with massive datasets of existing images, videos, and text. The AI models then analyze patterns from the training data to generate new content. However, issues arise concerning the ownership of the generated content. Without clear legal guidelines, the ownership of AI-generated images and videos remains a gray area that leaves businesses and individuals vulnerable to potential disputes.

Most jurisdictions, including the United States and the EU, deny copyright protection to work purely generated by AI as it lacks human authorship. The U.S. Copyright Office stated that only content with human creative input can be eligible for protection. In its January 2025 report, the U.S. Copyright Office also states that copyrightability must be assessed on a case-by-case basis.

Laws differ globally. For instance, while the U.S. copyright office has rejected applications for AI-generated content, the U.K. allows copyright when a significant human intellectual effort guides the output.

Copyright laws do agree that a business risks infringement claims if AI-generated content resembles existing copyrighted material. So far, there has been a surge in the number of copyright lawsuits because of generative AI. A good example is Getty Images sued Stability AI, alleging its Stable Diffusion model copied millions of Getty’s photos without permission.

Generally, despite the efforts made to develop copyright laws for AI output, unlike content created by humans, there still lacks a clear legal framework for ownership and usage rights. For one, laws and legal frameworks struggle to keep up with the speed at which AI technology advances. This means that currently, no definitive, globally recognized legal standards firmly establish the copyright status of AI creations. For a business, although using AI visuals is not inherently legal or forbidden, it is best to be cautious and take due diligence.

Best Practices Every Business Owner Must Keep in Mind

  1. Read the terms of service (TOS)
    Every AI image and video generator has its own unique terms of service. Therefore, it is crucial to examine these terms carefully. Specifically, look for clauses that address issues such as commercial usage, ownership, indemnification, and TOS change policies.
  2. Understand model releases
    This especially applies where the AI-generated images may include recognizable human faces. In the same way that there are rights of publicity and privacy in traditional photography of human models, consider if this also applies to AI-generated faces.
  3. Documentation
    It is crucial to keep a record of each generated AI visual asset. Keep information such as AI platform used, prompts used, date of creation, TOS at the time of creation, and modifications made to the generated visual.
  4. Consider using well-established platforms.
    Although there is no AI platform that offers a 100 percent guarantee of copyright safety, it is safer to lean toward well-established and respected AI generators. Also, platforms trained using licensed or public domain data should be considered.
  5. Adopt the “human-in-the-loop” approach.
    This involves edits such as text overlays, color adjustments, or storyboarding. AI-generated content can be used as a starting point or for inspiration, but it is modified and refined by human designers. This results in a blend of AI assistant and human creative input to potentially mitigate copyright concerns.
  6. Seek expert legal counsel.
    When dealing with content that is central to a business identity, such as branding or major marketing campaigns, it is critical to seek guidance from an attorney specializing in intellectual property law.
  7. Stay informed
    Copyright law in the age of AI is not static; it is actively evolving. It is important, therefore, to commit to staying informed about legal developments, court rulings, and evolving practices. Business content strategies and practices also should be adjusted as the legal landscape changes.

Embrace the Future of Visuals Responsibly and Legally

The transformative power of AI to generate stunning visuals is promising to revolutionize business marketing and communication. However, business owners must approach this technology with a balanced perspective. That is, embracing its potential while avoiding copyright infringement, ensuring ethical content creation, and effectively safeguarding intellectual property assets.

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Protecting Critical Supply Chains, Recycling Programs and Victims of Digital Forgeries

3 min read

s 257, hr 825, s 351, s283, s 146, s281, s246Promoting Resilient Supply Chains Act of 2025 (S 257) – Introduced by Sen. Maria Cantwell (D-WA) on Jan. 2, this bill is designed to promote resilient critical supply chains by identifying, preparing for, and responding to supply chain shocks to critical industries. The ultimate goal of the legislation is to encourage the growth and competitiveness of production and manufacturing in the United States using emerging technologies. The bipartisan legislation is currently under consideration in the Senate.

To prohibit individuals convicted of defrauding the Government from receiving any assistance from the Small Business Administration, and for other purposes (HR 825) – This bipartisan legislation would prohibit a small business with a high-level associate convicted of any crime related to financial misconduct involving a covered loan or grant from receiving any financial assistance from the SBA. It was introduced by Rep. Roger Williams (R-TX) on Jan. 28 and is currently under consideration in the House.

STEWARD Act of 2025 (S 351) – This bill was introduced by Sen. Shelley Moore Capito (R-WV) on Jan. 30. It would establish a pilot grant program to improve recycling accessibility and require the Environmental Protection Agency to collect and report on recycling and composting programs in the United States. The bipartisan bill is currently under consideration in the Senate.

Illegal Red Snapper and Tuna Enforcement Act (S 283) – This bill was introduced by Sen. Ted Cruz (R-TX) on Jan. 28 and is under consideration of the Senate. It would require the development of a standard methodology to identify the country of origin of seafood transported for sale in the United States to support enforcement against illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing.

TAKE IT DOWN Act (S 146) – Also introduced by Sen. Ted Cruz (R-TX), the purpose of this bill (also known as the Tools to Address Known Exploitation by Immobilizing Technological Deepfakes on Websites and Networks Act) is to remove visual depictions of intimate acts from the Internet. Currently, machine learning, artificial intelligence and other computer-generated technologies are being used to create digital forgeries of identifiable people, including minors, without their consent. This bipartisan legislation was introduced on Jan. 16, passed in the Senate on Feb. 13, and currently lies with the House.

TICKET Act (S 281) – This bipartisan bill would require sellers of event tickets to disclose all relevant information about ticket prices and related fees to consumers at the point of sale in order to prohibit speculative and predatory ticketing. The legislation was introduced by Sen. Eric Schmitt (R-MO) on Jan. 28 and is under consideration in the Senate.

Interstate Transport Act of 2025 (S 246) – This bill was introduced on Jan. 24 by Sen. Ted Budd (R-NC). It is designed to protect the right of citizens from any state to transport knives to other states without bumping up against state and local prohibitions. Such an act would not be subject to arrest for the possession or transport of a knife without probable cause that the person intends to commit an offense punishable by imprisonment of a year or more. The bipartisan legislation is currently under consideration in the Senate.